Το 1642 ο γιατρός J.B. Ο Sinibaldus δημοσίευσε το κείμενο "Genanthropoeia" που ασχολήθηκε με τη σεξουαλική ανατομία και την ερωτική διέγερση.
Το 1677 ο Anton van Leeuwenhoek είδε για πρώτη φορά ένα ανθρώπινο σπέρμα με το μικροσκόπιο.
Το 1735 ο Σουηδός βοτανολόγος Karl von Linné εισήγαγε το "Methodus sexisis" του ή ένα σύστημα ταξινόμησης στο οποίο τα φυτά απαριθμήθηκαν ανάλογα με το χαρακτήρα και τον αριθμό των αναπαραγωγικών τους δομών. Το σύστημα (τώρα παρωχημένο) εντυπωσίασε πολύ τους μελετητές της εποχής, αλλά δέχτηκε επίθεση από ηθικολόγους επειδή θεωρήθηκε άσεμνο. (Ο Θεός δεν θα μπορούσε να σκεφτεί τη φύση με τους όρους που περιγράφονται από τον βοτανολόγο).
Το 1760 ο γιατρός της Λωζάνης, ο Samuel Tissot, με το βιβλίο του "Onanism", μίλησε για τα προβλήματα του αυνανισμού, δημιουργώντας όχι μικρη ανησυχια επι του θεματος, η οποία θα διαρκέσει για τουλάχιστον άλλα 150 χρόνια.
Το 1762 ο Jean-Jacques Rousseau, στο βιβλίο "Émile" ζήτησε να προστατευθουν τα παιδιά και οι εφηβοι από τη σεξουαλικότητα και να παραμείνουν όσο το δυνατόν περισσότερο στη φυσική τους αθωότητα.
Το 1782, η αγγλιδα Mary Wollstonecraft, δημοσίευσε το βιβλίο "Vindication of the Rights of Woman", ζητωντας την ισότητα των φύλων στην κοινωνική και οικογενειακή ζωή.
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